Objective
This project would discuss the point of boiling for liquids. The distillation method is adopted for this project. The distillation process includes boiling a liquid, accumulating the vapors, and cooling them. The vapors after cooling return to a liquid form, the purpose of the process are to find out and observe the changes occurring in the liquid. Also, to know about the method of getting purified water minus added substances.
Abstract
Distillation highlights the differences in the volatility of the solution’s components. As every compound has a different point of boiling and vaporization happens at different temperatures.
The three forms of water include Solid or ice, Liquid water in its original form, and Vapors steam or gas. For interchanging its form, one needs to add or remove the heat. It is to be observed that do the molecules stay back or not after the process?
We will need different types of materials to perform this experiment.
Materials
- Stove
- Deep cooking pot with a sloping lid, preferably a transparent one
- Ice cubes
- Small ceramic plate and coffee cup
- Glasses
- Sugar added water or any colored fruit juice
- Liquid measuring cup
Procedure
Make sure all the materials used are clean and heat-resistant before you begin the experiment.
- To begin, measure and pour one cup of the fruit juice or sugar-added water into a glass. Better use a colored liquid for physical observation. Observe its color and taste for the intensity and color. Keep some liquid aside for the comparison done at the end of the experiment.
- Pour the liquid into the pot. Use a ceramic plate and ceramic coffee cup to stand between the liquid at the bottom of the pot.
- Turn on the stove and bring the liquid to a boil on moderate flame.
- Now place the lid on the pot inverted to face toward the ceramic cup placed inside the pot. Look for the steam building up.
- Put ice on the cover of the pot, and keep on replacing cubes when melt. If you use a transparent lid, can you see droplets forming inside?
- Allow the liquid to boil for 20 to 30 minutes, then observe the amount of liquid left in the pot.
- Turn the burner off and let the pot get cool for a few minutes. Then take out the cup and plate placed inside and observe the gathered liquid with the remaining residual liquid. Observe the difference in color, texture, and taste. Do you observe a change in taste and color?
- Then observe the remaining liquid left in the pot and the distilled one in the cup. Do they add up to the same quantity you began with?
Conclusion
The observation concludes that when the liquid is boiled, the vapors evaporate and rise above the lid. The vapors cool down and condense when gathered near the lid as that is kept cold. The vapors turn to droplets, that fall back in the cup below.
Observe
- The two liquids, one in the cup and the residual in the pot would be equal in the quantity you started with.
- Observe the distilled liquid becoming uncolored pure water.
- No sweetness would be noticeable when tasted.
The sugar or salt is non-volatile, so they stay behind while the water boils at 100°C resulting in vapors forming pure water.