Software Lab Assignments

To study a free and open source software Send Mail.

January 20, 2012 by ProjectsGeek Leave a Comment

To study a free and open source software Send Mail

AIM:

To study a free and open source software Send Mail.

THEORY:

The basic components of the mail system are:

· MTA : Mail Transport Agent (e.g., sendmail)

· MUA : Mail User Agent (e.g., mutt)

· MDA : Mail Delivery Agent (e.g., procmail)

When you compose a message, you typically do so from within your MUA. When you send the message, the MUA hands the message to the MTA. The MTA reads the envelope and directs it to the appropriate system where it is handled by the MDA for delivery.

Sendmail is a mail transfer agent (MTA) that is a well known project of the open source, free software and Unix communities, which is distributed both as free software and proprietary software.

A descendant of the original ARPANET delivermail application, Sendmail is a remarkably flexible program, supporting many kinds of mail transfer and delivery including the overwhelmingly popular SMTP. The original version of Sendmail was written by Eric Allman in the early 1980s at UC Berkeley, who had also written delivermail previously.

The complexity of Sendmail has an upside: it is one of the most flexible and scalable MTAs. Out-of-the-box, Sendmail supports a variety of mail transfer protocols, including SMTP, ESMTP, DECnet’s mail11, HylaFax, QuickPage and UUCP. Additionally, Sendmail v8.12 as of September 2001 introduced support for Milter – external mail filtering programs/servers that can participate in each step of the SMTP conversation.

Check your sendmail version

Sendmail is usually installed as /usr/sbin/sendmail or /usr/lib/sendmail. Some bizarre systems may even install it as /usr/etc/sendmail. If sendmail is running on your system, check the version by connecting to the SMTP port:

You can hit the escape sequence to drop back to the shell. Or simply type ‘quit’ and the server will close the connection.

INSTALLATION

Sendmail is pretty easy to build and install by hand. Most all Linux distributions include it, except Debian.

If you must compile and install it by hand, follow these steps:

1. Download the source from ftp.sendmail.org.

2. Extract. eg : gzip -dc sendmail.8.12.7.tar.gz | tar -xvf -

3. Compile. eg : cd sendmail-8.12.7

# Follow the steps in the INSTALL file, which walk you through compiling.                          #  Sendmail and setting up your configuration files.

The configuration files

Sendmail reads several different configuration files to figure out what it should be doing. Some of these files are explained below.

1. sendmail.mc

The sendmail.mc file is your main sendmail configuration file. Technically the program reads sendmail.cf and not sendmail.mc. Since sendmail.cf is not modifiable by humans, we write the mc file and run it through m4 to generate the sendmail.cf file. The configuration elements you put in your mc are actually m4 macros that get expanded to the real configuration elements for sendmail.

2. aliases

The aliases file maps email address aliases to something, usually a real user account. Sendmail doesn’t directly read the aliases file, it reads the aliases.db file. This is a BerkDB format of aliases.

3. access

This is a plain text file listing host access rights to the server.

.4. genericstable

This provides the outbound name to virtual address mapping, that is, the reverse of what the virtusertable does. For a proper virtual domain configuration, you will need to configure this file as well as the virtusertable (described below).This is a file that must be compiled to BerkDB format before sendmail can read it.

5. mailertable

This file contains custom domain routing information. You may wish to specifically route all email to addresses on the gatech.edu domain through a different SMTP server. This is the file where you define that.

6. relay-domains

This is a plain text file that lists individual hosts or ranges of hosts that are allowed to relay mail off your server. You’ll need this if you want to be able to use your mail server as an SMTP server when configuring a program like Evolution.

7. virtusertable

This file maps usernames from one hostname to a real user or another hostname. This file is used to set up virtual domains and virtual addresses.

8. local-host-names

This file lists the domain names that you are delivering mail on. This file sometimes differs in name across various distributions. Red Hat used to (or still does) call it sendmail.cw. Some simply call it locals. The format and purpose are the same, but the name may be different.

Writing a sendmail configuration file
Generating sendmail.mc

It is a list of m4 macros and accompanying options. Generally there is one macro per line. Starting with the basic settings:

divert(0)
VERSIONID(`My very own sendmail.mc’)
OSTYPE(linux)
DOMAIN(generic)

VERSIONID, OSTYPE, and DOMAIN these are the m4 macro names. The values in the parentheses are the options for that macro.
We can add some features to the mail server.Features are added using the FEATURE macro.
eg. FEATURE(access_db, `hash -o -T> TMPF FEATURE(local_lmtp)
Lastly, setting some mailers for the system:
MAILER(local)
MAILER(smtp)
This configures sendmail for local mail operation and SMTP mail operation.
Generating sendmail.cf

Generating the cf file for sendmail uses the m4 macro processor. Some distributions provide a Makefile in /etc/mail that automatically generates the configuration file. If you don’t have this, you’ll need to run the m4 command by hand. Here’s what you do:

m4 -D_CF_DIR=/usr/share/sendmail/cf \
/usr/share/sendmail/cf/m4/cf.m4 \
sendmail.mc

This assumes your sendmail m4 directory is in /usr/share/sendmail/cf. It may be in a different location on your system. Sometimes you’ll find it in /usr/src/sendmail. Once you run the above command, you’ll have a ready-to-use sendmail.cf file.
Starting and Stopping sendmail
To start the server, run these commands:

/usr/sbin/sendmail -L sm-mta -bd -q25m
/usr/sbin/sendmail -L sm-msp-queue -Ac -q25m

This starts the sendmail MTA as well as the queue runner.
To stop sendmail, issue this command:

/sbin/killall sendmail

Sendmail reacts to signals in a normal manner and when it is sent SIGTERM it will shut itself down.
CONCLUSION:

We have successfully studied the free and open source software Send Mail.

ActiveX Control Alarm

January 20, 2012 by ProjectsGeek Leave a Comment

Implementation of an Alarm ActiveX Control

ACTIVEX CONTROLS

AIM

Implementation of an Alarm ActiveX Control.

THEORY

THE EVOLUTION OF ACTIVEX

OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) is Microsoft’s framework for a compound document technology. Briefly, a compound document is something like a display desktop that can contain visual and information objects of all kinds. Each desktop object is an independent program entity that can interact with a user and also communicate with other objects on the desktop.

1. OLE 1.0 was the evolution of the original dynamic data exchange, or DDE, concepts that Microsoft developed for earlier versions of Windows. While DDE was limited to transferring limited amounts of data between two running applications, OLE was capable of maintaining active links between two documents or even embedding one type of document within another.

2. OLE 2.0 was the next evolution of OLE 1.0, sharing many of the same goals, but was re-implemented over top of the Component Object Model instead of using VTBLs.

New features were automation, drag-and-drop, in-place activation and structured storage.

3. In 1996, Microsoft renamed the OLE 2.0 technology to ActiveX. ActiveX introduced ActiveX Controls, Active Documents and Active Scripting (built on top of OLE Automation). This version of OLE is commonly used by Web designers to embed multimedia files in Web pages.

ACTIVEX

ActiveX is the name Microsoft has given to a set of “strategic” object-oriented programming technologies and tools. The main technology is the Component Object Model (COM). The main thing created when writing a program to run in the ActiveX environment is a component, a self-sufficient program that can be run anywhere in the ActiveX network. This component is known as an ActiveX control.

ActiveX is Microsoft’s answer to the Java technology from Sun Microsystems. An ActiveX control is roughly equivalent to a Java applet. One of the main advantages of a component is that it can be re-used by many applications (referred to as component containers).

ACTIVEX CONTROL
ActiveX Control is a Microsoft term that is used to denote reusable software components that are based on Microsoft COM. ActiveX controls provide encapsulated reusable functionality to programs and they are typically but not always visual in nature.
1. ActiveX controls can be downloaded as small programs or animations for Web pages, but they can also be used for any commonly-needed task by an application program in the latest Windows and Macintosh environments. In general, ActiveX controls replace the earlier OCX (Object Linking and Embedding custom controls).
2. An ActiveX control can be created in any programming language that recognizes Microsoft’s Component Object Model. It can be created using one of several languages or development tools, including C++ and Visual Basic, or PowerBuilder, or with scripting tools such as VBScript.
3. In implementation, an ActiveX control is a dynamic link library (DLL) module. An ActiveX control runs in what is known as a container, an application program that uses the Component Object Model program interfaces. This reusable component approach to application development reduces development time and improves program capability and quality.
4. An ActiveX control is roughly equivalent in concept and implementation to the Java applet.
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A WEB PAGE USES AN ACTIVEX CONTROL
What a web page requests an ActiveX control the browser determines if that control is already loaded onto the system. If it is the ActiveX control is executed. If not, the user is asked if it is okay to install the control. Additional information about where the control came from and its security implications is also included.
If the security is set to high, the browser will not download the control. If security is set to medium, the browser will prompt to ask if it is to be downloaded. If security is low (not recommended), the browser automatically downloads the control.
To run an ActiveX control, the system must have certain Visual Basic support libraries installed. If it does not, the browser will download them, usually from Microsoft’s Web site. Once a control like this has been downloaded, the necessary files will also be downloaded so this will not be necessary the next time, so the control’s download will be much faster.

ACTIVEX CONTROLS VS. JAVA APPLETS
An ActiveX control is similar to a Java applet. Both are downloaded and executed by the web browser.

· Unlike Java applets, however, ActiveX controls have full access to the Windows operating system. This gives them much more power than Java applets, but with this power comes a certain risk that the applet may damage software or data on the machine. Java on the other hand, sets specific rules to what an applet can and cannot do, and generally these rules do an excellent job of preventing damage to a system

· Another difference between Java applets and ActiveX controls is that Java applets can be written to run on all platforms, whereas ActiveX controls are currently limited to Windows environments.

SECURITY ISSUES INVOLVING ACTIVEX

ActiveX controls can do anything a normal Visual Basic program can. For example, a control can erase the hard disk, or shut down or reboot the system.

ActiveX controls are thus unsafe for users of Internet Explorer who turn on the browser’s ability to download and activate ActiveX controls within a web page. The problems occur when a user surfs to a non-trusted web page and that web page contains a malicious ActiveX control. This is a very common means of distributing malware to unwitting users of Internet Explorer; the easiest way to avoid it is to not install ActiveX controls from untrusted sites.

To provide some small measure of protection, Microsoft invented a signature scheme. This lets a control designer digitally sign their controls with the help of a signature authority. Later, when a web page is visited that uses the control; the browser can verify that the control was written by the person who signed it. This does not guarantee that the control is safe, but at least the author of the control is known. This is most important when someone copies a control from one Web site to another. The signature lets you know who the original author was.

CONCLUSION

ActiveX controls find use in linking desktop applications to the Web as well as in creating interactive web content for applications.

Since the security issues are not foolproof, it is generally avoided in the use in web pages, if however it is being used in an intranet (a web local to a company) then it can be used freely. In this case, one has far more control over the user environment than that on the web.

Mozilla as Free Open Source Software

January 20, 2012 by ProjectsGeek Leave a Comment

To study Mozilla as an example of Free Open Source Software.

AIM: To study Mozilla as an example of Free Open Source Software.

THEORY: Mozilla is a web based browser based on the same program code as Netscape Navigator. It is the product of open source software development initiated by Netscape several years ago. It has a feel and look that is nearly identical to Netscape Navigator and includes features that you get in Internet Explorer in full screen mode. It can import and access your bookmarks. Mozilla’s special feature is its ability to display multiple web pages in same program window as opposed to cluttering desktop with several browser windows each open for different website or page. Mozilla is available for free download from mozilla.org.

HISTORY:

· Started in the year 1998.

Originally known as Phoenix September 2002-April 14, 2003 and briefly as Mozilla Firebird.
February 9, 2004 to Mozilla Firefox
Started as a experimental branch of Mozilla suite.
There were 60 core developers and more than 1000 contributors from various firms in this project.
The browser has a 2 million line of source code.

FEATURES:

· Pop up blocker, tabbed browsing, live bookmarks, incremented find features and customized download manager.

· Mouse gestures, advertisement blocking, proxy server switching and bugging codes.

· Mozilla update, a website containing themes and extensions approved for Mozilla updating.

· People who report a valid critical security bug receive a US $500 cash reward and a Mozilla t-shirt.

· Search engine like Google, Yahoo now offer Firefox extensions for easily accessing their services.

FIREFOX vs INTERNET EXPLORER

Firefox is more secure.
User friendly Features.
Better built in popup blocker than Internet Explorer.
Aspect of Firefox is tabbed browsing.
Integrated Search engine.
Download manager Pause.
Display correct height pixels.

CONCLUSION: Hereby we have studied the Mozilla Firefox, its brief history and its features which are present.

Active X DLL in VB.Net

January 20, 2012 by ProjectsGeek Leave a Comment

To create an active x dll in vb.net

AIM— To create an active x dll in vb.net .

THEORY—

Active x is a technology using which we can create user defined controls .it is not a programming language but rather a set of rules for how applications should share information. an active x can be developed in a variety of languages including c,c++,vb or java .

active x components –it is a general term that consists of three types of projects –

a) active x dll.

b) active x exe.

c) active x controls.

ACTIVE X DLL—a dynamic link library project allows you to create your own type library.

you can create your own library of classes in a project ,compile it to a dll , then reference the dll from other projects to use the functionality (call methods and properties )of the classes your dll contains .the main advantage using a dll is code reuseability ,compile your classes in a dll ,then reference that one dll from as many applications as you like.

ACTIVE X EXE—an activex exe acts in a way like a standard exe, but it needs to be registered to run (like all other activex objects )and like an activex dll it exposes classes that clients can create and use .

there is a big difference between activex dll and exe. the dll is an `in-proc` server , that is it runs in the same memory space . of the main application ,unlike the exe that is a `out-proc ` server and therefor runs in its own memory space (it is basically another application running)for this reason it is much faster to call a dll , because there is no marshalling of data between two processes .

typically activex exe are used to create windows “servers “ that can run locally or remotely in another computer .

ACTIVE X CONTROL –an active x control is also a server application that exposes its functionality through an interface consisting of properties , methods &events

an active x control is similar to java applet .unlike java applets however , active x controls have full access to the windows operating system .this gives them much more power than java applels but with this power comes a certain risk that the applet may damage .software or data on your machine . to control this risk ,microsoft developed a registration system so that browsers can identify and authenticate an active x control before downlpoading it.

active x controls provide the same functionality as dll and axes but are more firmly integrated to the language and they have a visible interface .on the other hand active x dll and activex exe are written code consisting of classes &methods.

PROCEDURE—

1) open visual basic ide. create a new project of type class library giving it a suitable name .

2) write the necessary code and create classes for the project.

3) save the project & close it.

4) create a new project(windows application).

5) add the previousp roject as a reference to the new project.

6) use the objects oftype classlibrary.class in your project.

APPLICATIONS—

1) display various types of gauges and indicators.

2) display data in grids .

3) send and receive faxes.

4) play audio display vidieo.

5) scan bar codes.

6) display calenders.

CONCLUSION—we have successfully created an active x dll application and is working fine,showing all the methods and properties for the object variables.

Open Office as Free Open Software

January 20, 2012 by ProjectsGeek Leave a Comment

To study open office as an example of free open software

Aim

To study open office as an example of free open software.

Theory

Mission Statement

“To create, as a community, the leading international office suite that will run on all major platforms and provide access to all functionality and data through open-component based APIs and an XML-based file format.”

History of Open Office

It is based on Star Office, an office suite developed by Star Division and acquired by Sun Microsystems in August 1999.

The source code of the suite was released in July 2000 with the aim of reducing the dominant market share of Microsoft Office by providing a free, open and high-quality alternative.

Everything you need in an office productivity suite

Writer –– a word processor for creating dynamic documents

Calc –– a spreadsheet for analyzing data

Impress –– for designing eye-catching presentations

Draw –– for producing dramatic illustrations

Base – database access made easy

Write

– Wizards to produce standard documents such as

Letters, faxes, agendas, minutes.

– Styles and Formatting to put the power of style

Sheets into the hands of every user.

– AutoCorrect dictionary, which can check your

Spelling as you type...

– AutoComplete to make typing easy

– Text frames and linking for newsletters, flyers, etc…

– Table of contents, index for complex documents.

Calc

– Natural language formulas let you create formulas

using words ((e.g. “sales – costs”)).

– Hundreds of spreadsheet functions with built–-in

expert help

– Scenario Manager allows “what if ......” analysis at the

touch of a button.

– Powerful graphics to extract the meaning from your

numbers

– Pull in data from external databases with DataPilot

technology

– OpenDocument and MS-Excel .xls file format

Compatibility

Impress

– Master Pages and Layouts simplify the task off

preparing your materials.

– Complete range of Views are supported: Normal //

Outline // Slide Sorter // Notes // Handouts to meet all

the needs of presenters and audiences.

– Easy–-to–-use drawing and diagramming tools to spice

up your presentation.

– Slide show Animation and Effects to bring a

presentation to life.

– Fontworks provides stunning 2D and 3D images from

text.

– OpenDocument and MS-PowerPoint .ppt file format

Compatibility.

Draw

– Single click access to common drawing objects

– Arrange objects; rotate in two or three dimensions

with the 3D controller

– Smart connectors for flowcharts, organization charts,

network diagrams etc

– Sophisticated rendering for photorealistic images

– Import graphics from all common formats ((including

BMP, GIF, JJPEG, PNG, TIFF, and WMF)

– Store drawings in OpenDocument format.

Conclusion

OpenOffice was installed in Linux and examined that various features of this free suite.

To study a free and open source software Send Mail.

ActiveX Control Alarm

Mozilla as Free Open Source Software

Active X DLL in VB.Net

Open Office as Free Open Software

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