Matrix operations in c language

 

Simple matrix operations in c language with Source Code for performing Matrix Operations in C and C++ Language . Operations on matrix which have to perform on matrix are as follows :

• Input Operations
• Display Operations
• Addition Operations
• Difference Operations
• Multiplications Operations
• Magic Square Operations
• Saddle Point Operations
• Transpose of Matrix

Above matrix operations in c language operations on matrix are divided into two categories as …..

• Without Pointers
• With Pointers

Matrix operations in c language Program Code

#include  
 #include  
 #define max 25  

 void input_p(int*,int*,int*);  
 void display_p(int*,int,int);  
 void add_p(int(*)[max],int(*)[max],int(*)[max],int,int);  
 void difference_p(int(*)[max],int(*)[max],int(*)[max],int,int);  
 void mul_p(int[][max],int[][max],int[][max],int,int,int);  
 int ms_p(int[][max],int);  
 int sp_p(int [][max],int,int);  
 void transpose_p(int a[][max],int m);  
 void input(int[][max],int*,int*);  
 void display(int[][max],int,int);  
 void add(int[][max],int[][max],int[][max],int,int);  
 void difference(int[][max],int[][max],int[][max],int,int);  
 void mul(int[][max],int[][max],int[][max],int,int,int);  
 int ms(int[][max],int);  
 int sp(int [][max],int,int);  
 void transpose(int a[][max],int m);  
 void withoutp(int [][max],int[][max],int*,int*,int*,int*);  
 void withp(int [][max],int[][max],int*,int*,int*,int*);  

 void main()  
 {  
 int a[max][max],b[max][max],c[max][max],r1,c1,r2,c2,ch;  
 r1=r2=c1=c2=0;  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\n\t\t>>>>----------  MAIN MENU ----------<<<<<\n\n");  
 printf("\n\t1\tWITH POINTERS\n");  
 printf("\n\t2\tWITHOUT POINTERS\n");  
 printf("\n\t3\tEXIT");  
 printf("\n\n\n\tENTER YOUR CHOICE\t");  
 scanf("%c",&ch);  
 switch(ch)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 withp(a,b,&r1,&c1,&r2,&c2);  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 withoutp(a,b,&r1,&c1,&r2,&c2);  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch!='3');  
 getch();  
 }  //end of main  
 /******************************************************************  
 WITHP FUNCTION  
 ********************************************************************/  
 void withp(int a[][max],int b[][max],int* r1,int* c1,int* r2,int* c2)  
 {  
 int c[max][max],m;  
 char ch,ch1;  
 do  
 {  
 flushall();  
 clrscr();  
 printf("\n\n\t===>>>\tWITHOUT POINTERS MENU\t<<<===\n");  
 printf("\n\t1\tINPUT\n");  
 printf("\t2\tDISPLAY\n");  
 printf("\t3\tADDITION\n");  
 printf("\t4\tDIFFERENCE\n");  
 printf("\t5\tMULTIPLICATION\n");  
 printf("\t6\tMAGIC SQUARE\n");  
 printf("\t7\tSADDLE POINT\n");  
 printf("\t8\tTRANSPOSE\n");  
 printf("\t9\tRETURN TO MAIN MENU\n");  
 printf("\n\tENTER YOUR CHOICE\t:\t");  
 scanf("%c",&ch);  
 switch(ch)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 do  
 {  
 flushall();  
 clrscr();  
 printf("\n\t>>>>---- INPUT MENU ----<<<<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\tENTER YOUR CHOICE\t:\t");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 input_p(&a[0][0],r1,c1);  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 input_p(&b[0][0],r2,c2);  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\t>---- DISPLAY MENU ----<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\n\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r1==0 || *c1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 display_p(&a[0][0],*r1,*c1);  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 display_p(&b[0][0],*r2,*c2);  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!! ");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 if(*r1==0 || *c1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 if(*r1==*r2 && *c1==*c2)  
 {  
 add_p(a,b,c,*r1,*c1);  
 printf("ADDITION HAS BEEN PERFORMED  >>>>>\n");  
 display_p(&c[0][0],*r1,*c1);  
 }  
 else  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\n\t!!! CAN'T ADD  !!!!\n");  
 }  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '4':  
 if(*r1==*r2 && *c1==*c2)  
 {  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\t>>>>---- DIFFERENCE MENU -----<<<<\n");  
 printf("\n\t1\tMATRIX A - MATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B - MATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r1==0 || *c1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 difference_p(a,b,c,*r1,*c1);  
 printf("\n\n!!! SUBSTRACTION COMPLETE !!!\n");  
 display_p(&c[0][0],*r1,*c1);  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 difference_p(b,a,c,*r1,*c1);  
 printf("\n\n!!! SUBSTRACTION COMPLETE !!!\n");  
 display_p(&c[0][0],*r1,*c1);  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 }//end of if statement  
 else  
 printf("\n\n!!!  SUBSTRACTION NOT POSSIBLE !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '5':  
 do  
 {  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0 ||*c1==0 ||*r1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\t\t\t\tMULTIPLICATION MENU\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A * MATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B * MATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\n\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r2==*c1)  
 {  
 mul_p(a,b,c,*r1,*r2,*c2);  
 printf("\n\t\t!!!  MULTIPLICATION COMPLETE !!!\n");  
 display_p(&c[0][0],*r1,*c2);  
 }  
 else  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! MULTIPLICATION NOT POSSIBLE !!!\n");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r1==*c2)  
 {  
 mul_p(b,a,c,*r2,*r1,*c1);  
 printf("\n\t\t!!!  MULTIPLICATION COMPLETE !!!\n");  
 display_p(&c[0][0],*r2,*c1);  
 break;  
 }  
 else  
 printf("\n\n!!! MULTIPLICATION NOT POSSIBLE !!!\n");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '6':  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\t>>>>---- MAGIC SQUARE MENU ----<<<<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\tENTER YOUR CHOICE\t");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r1==0 || *c1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 if(*r1!=*c1)  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! NOT MAGIC SQUARE !!!\n");  
 else  
 {  
 if(ms_p(a,*r1)==0)  
 printf("\n\n\tTHE GIVEN MATRIX IS NOT A MAGIC SQUARE");  
 else  
 printf("\n\n\tTHE GIVEN MATRIX IS A MAGIC SQUARE\n");  
 }  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 if(*r2 != *c2)  
 printf("\n\t!!! THE GIVEN MATRIX IS NOT A MGIC SQUARE !!!\n");  
 else  
 {  
 if(ms_p(b,*r2)==0)  
 printf("\n\t!!! THE GIVEN MATRIX IS NOT A MAGIC SQUARE  !!!");  
 else  
 printf("\n\t!!! THE GIVEN MATRIX IS A MAGIC SQUARE  !!!\n");  
 }  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '7':  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\t>--- SADDLE POINT MENU ---<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRERURN\n");  
 printf("\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r1==0 || *c1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 m=sp_p(a,*r1,*c1);  
 if(m==0)  
 printf("\n\n\t !!!! NO SADDLE POINTS !!!!");  
 else  
 printf("\n\n\tTOTAL %d SADDLE POINTS R PRESENT",m);  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 m=sp_p(b,*r2,*c2);  
 if(m==0)  
 printf("\n\n\t !!!! NO SADDLE POINTS !!!!");  
 else  
 printf("\n\n\tTOTAL %d SADDLE POINTS R PRESENT",m);  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!! ");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '8':  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\t>---- TRANSPOSE MENU ----<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tEXIT\n");  
 printf("\n\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r1==0 || *c1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 if(*r1>*c1)  
 transpose_p(a,*r1);  
 else  
 transpose_p(a,*c1);  
 m=*r1;  
 *r1=*c1;  
 *c1=m;  
 printf("\n\n\tMATRIX HAS BEEN TRANSPOSED\n");  
 display_p(&a[0][0],*r1,*c1);  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 if(*r2>*c2)  
 transpose_p(b,*r2);  
 else  
 transpose_p(b,*c2);  
 m=*r2;  
 *r2=*c2;  
 *c2=*r2;  
 printf("\n\n\tMATRIX HAS BEEN TRANSPOSED\n");  
 display_p(&b[0][0],*r2,*c2);  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!! ");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '9':  
 break;  
 default:  
  printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
  getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch!='9');  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 INPUT_P FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void input_p(int*a,int *r,int *c)  
 {  
 int i,j;  
 char st[max];  
 printf("NO. OF ROW \t");  
 scanf("%d",r);  
 printf("NO. OF COLUMN \t");  
 scanf("%d",c);  
 printf("\nENTER THE MATRIX \n");  
 for(i=0;i<*r;i++)  
 for(j=0;j<*c;j++)  
 {  
 scanf("%s",st);  
 if(valid(st)==1)  
 *(a+ i*(max) +j)=atoi(st);  
 else  
 {  
 printf("\n\t!!!  ENTER AGAIN !!!!");  
 j--;  
 }  
 }  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 DISPLAY_P FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void display_p(int*a,int r,int c)  
 {  
 int i,j;  
 printf("\n\nTHE MATRIX IS\n");  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 printf("\n\t");  
 for(j=0;j<c;j++) <br=""> {  
 printf("%-5d",*(a+ i*max +j) );  
 }  
 }  
 getch();  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 ADD_P FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void add_p(int (*a)[max],int (*b)[max],int(*c)[max],int r,int c1)  
 {  
 int i,j;  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<c1;j++) <br=""> {  
 *(c[i]+j) = *(a[i]+j) + *(b[i]+j);  
 }  
 }  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 DIFFERENCE_P FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void difference_p(int (*a)[max],int(*b)[max],int (*c)[max],int r,int c1)  
 {  
 int i,j;  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<c1;j++) <br=""> *(c[i]+j)= *(a[i]+j) - *(b[i]+j);  
 }  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 MUL_P FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void mul_p(int (*a)[max],int (*b)[max],int (*c)[max],int r1,int r2,int c2)  
 {  
 int i,j,k;  
 for(i=0;i<r1;++i) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<c2;++j) <br=""> {  
 c[i][j]=0;  
 for(k=0;k<r2;++k) <br=""> *(c[i]+j) += *(a[i]+k) * ( *(b[k]+j) );  
 }  
 }  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 MS_P FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 int ms_p(int (*a)[max],int r)  
 {  
 int s1=0,i,j,s2=0,s3=0;  
 for(i=0,j=r-1;i<r;i++,j--) <br=""> {  
 s1+=*(a[i]+i);  
 s2+=*(a[i]+j);  
 }  
 if(s1!=s2)  
 return 0;  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 s2=0;  
 s3=0;  
 for(j=0;j<r;j++) <br=""> {  
 s2+=*(a[i]+j);  
 s3+=*(a[j]+i);  
 }  
 if(s1!=s2 || s3!=s1)  
 return 0;  
 }  
 return 1;  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 SP_P FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 int sp_p(int (*a)[max],int r,int c)  
 {  
 int i,j,k,m=0;  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<c;j++) <br=""> {  
 for(k=0;k<c;k++) <br=""> if( *(a[i]+j) > *(a[i]+k) )  
 break;  
 if(k==c)  
 {  
 for(k=0;k<r;k++) <br=""> if( *(a[i]+j) < *(a[k]+j) )  
 break;  
 if(k==r)  
 {  
 printf("\n\tSADDLE POINT AT (%d,%d) AND IS %d ",i+1,j+1,*(a[i]+j));  
 m++;  
 }  
 }  
 }//end of 2nd for  
 }  
 return m;  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 TRANSPOSE_P FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void transpose_p(int (*a)[max],int m)  
 {  
 int i,j,temp;  
 for(i=0;i<m;i++) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<i;j++) <br=""> {  
 temp=*(a[i]+j);  
 *(a[i]+j)=*(a[j]+i);  
 *(a[j]+i)=temp;  
 }  
 }  
 }  
 /********************************************************************  
 WITOUTP FUNCTION  
 *********************************************************************/  
 void withoutp(int a[][max],int b[][max],int* r1,int* c1,int* r2,int* c2)  
 {  
 int c[max][max],m;  
 char ch,ch1;  
 do  
 {  
 flushall();  
 clrscr();  
 printf("\n\n\t===>>>\tWITHOUT POINTERS MENU\t<<<===\n");  
 printf("\n\t1\tINPUT\n");  
 printf("\t2\tDISPLAY\n");  
 printf("\t3\tADDITION\n");  
 printf("\t4\tDIFFERENCE\n");  
 printf("\t5\tMULTIPLICATION\n");  
 printf("\t6\tMAGIC SQUARE\n");  
 printf("\t7\tSADDLE POINT\n");  
 printf("\t8\tTRANSPOSE\n");  
 printf("\t9\tRETURN TO MAIN MENU\n");  
 printf("\n\tENTER YOUR CHOICE\t:\t");  
 scanf("%c",&ch);  
 switch(ch)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 do  
 {  
 flushall();  
 clrscr();  
 printf("\n\t>>>>---- INPUT MENU ----<<<<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\tENTER YOUR CHOICE\t:\t");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 input(a,r1,c1);  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 input(b,r2,c2);  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\t>---- DISPLAY MENU ----<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\n\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 display(a,*r1,*c1);  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 display(b,*r2,*c2);  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!! ");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 if(*r1==*r2 && *c1==*c2)  
 {  
 add(a,b,c,*r1,*c1);  
 printf("ADDITION HAS BEEN PERFORMED  >>>>>\n");  
 display(c,*r1,*c1);  
 }  
 else  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\n\t!!! CAN'T ADD  !!!!\n");  
 }  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '4':  
 if(*r1==*r2 && *c1==*c2)  
 {  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\t>>>>---- DIFFERENCE MENU -----<<<<\n");  
 printf("\n\t1\tMATRIX A - MATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B - MATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 difference(a,b,c,*r1,*c1);  
 printf("\n\n!!! SUBSTRACTION COMPLETE !!!\n");  
 display(c,*r1,*c1);  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 difference(b,a,c,*r1,*c1);  
 printf("\n\n!!! SUBSTRACTION COMPLETE !!!\n");  
 display(c,*r1,*c1);  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 }//end of if statement  
 else  
 printf("\n\n!!!  SUBSTRACTION NOT POSSIBLE !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '5':  
 do  
 {  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0 ||*c1==0 ||r1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\t\t\t\tMULTIPLICATION MENU\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A * MATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B * MATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\n\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r2==*c1)  
 {  
 mul(a,b,c,*r1,*r2,*c2);  
 printf("\n\t\t!!!  MULTIPLICATION COMPLETE !!!\n");  
 display(c,*r1,*c2);  
 }  
 else  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! MULTIPLICATION NOT POSSIBLE !!!\n");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r1==*c2)  
 {  
 mul(b,a,c,*r2,*r1,*c1);  
 printf("\n\t\t!!!  MULTIPLICATION COMPLETE !!!\n");  
 display(c,*r2,*c1);  
 break;  
 }  
 else  
 printf("\n\n!!! MULTIPLICATION NOT POSSIBLE !!!\n");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '6':  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\t>>>>---- MAGIC SQUARE MENU ----<<<<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRETURN\n");  
 printf("\tENTER YOUR CHOICE\t");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r1==0 || *c1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 if(*r1!=*c1)  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! NOT MAGIC SQUARE !!!\n");  
 else  
 {  
 if(ms(a,*r1)==0)  
 printf("\n\n\tTHE GIVEN MATRIX IS NOT A MAGIC SQUARE");  
 else  
 printf("\n\n\tTHE GIVEN MATRIX IS A MAGIC SQUARE\n");  
 }  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 if(*r2 != *c2)  
 printf("\n\t!!! THE GIVEN MATRIX IS NOT A MGIC SQUARE !!!\n");  
 else  
 {  
 if(ms(b,*r2)==0)  
 printf("\n\t!!! THE GIVEN MATRIX IS NOT A MAGIC SQUARE  !!!");  
 else  
 printf("\n\t!!! THE GIVEN MATRIX IS A MAGIC SQUARE  !!!\n");  
 }  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '7':  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n\t>--- SADDLE POINT MENU ---<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tRERURN\n");  
 printf("\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r1==0 || *c1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 m=sp(a,*r1,*c1);  
 if(m==0)  
 printf("\n\n\t !!!! NO SADDLE POINTS !!!!");  
 else  
 printf("\n\n\tTOTAL %d SADDLE POINTS R PRESENT",m);  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 m=sp(b,*r2,*c2);  
 if(m==0)  
 printf("\n\n\t !!!! NO SADDLE POINTS !!!!");  
 else  
 printf("\n\n\tTOTAL %d SADDLE POINTS R PRESENT",m);  
 getch();  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!! ");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '8':  
 do  
 {  
 clrscr();  
 flushall();  
 printf("\n\n>---- TRANSPOSE MENU ----<\n");  
 printf("\t1\tMATRIX A\n");  
 printf("\t2\tMATRIX B\n");  
 printf("\t3\tEXIT\n");  
 printf("\n\tENTER YOUR CHOICE:");  
 scanf("%c",&ch1);  
 switch(ch1)  
 {  
 case '1':  
 if(*r1==0 || *c1==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 if(*r1>*c1)  
 transpose(a,*r1);  
 else  
 transpose(a,*c1);  
 m=*r1;  
 *r1=*c1;  
 *c1=m;  
 printf("\n\n\tMATRIX HAS BEEN TRANSPOSED\n");  
 display(a,*r1,*c1);  
 break;  
 case '2':  
 if(*r2==0 || *c2==0)  
 {  
 printf("\n\n\t!!! FIRST ENTER THE MATRIX !!!");  
 getch();  
 break;  
 }  
 if(*r2>*c2)  
 transpose(a,*r2);  
 else  
 transpose(a,*c2);  
 m=*r2;  
 *r2=*c2;  
 *c2=*r2;  
 printf("\n\n\tMATRIX HAS BEEN TRANSPOSED\n");  
 display(a,*r2,*c2);  
 break;  
 case '3':  
 break;  
 default:  
 printf("\n\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!! ");  
 getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch1!='3');  
 break;  
 case '9':  
 break;  
 default:  
  printf("\n\n\t!!! INVALID CHOICE !!!");  
  getch();  
 }  
 }while(ch!='9');  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 INPUT FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void input(int a[][max],int *r,int *c)  
 {  
 int i,j;  
 char st[max];  
 printf("NO. OF ROW \t");  
 scanf("%d",r);  
 printf("NO. OF COLUMN \t");  
 scanf("%d",c);  
 printf("\nENTER THE MATRIX \n");  
 for(i=0;i<*r;i++)  
 for(j=0;j<*c;j++)  
 {  
 scanf("%s",st);  
 if(valid(st)==1)  
 a[i][j]=atoi(st);  
 else  
 {  
 printf("\n\t!!!  ENTER AGAIN !!!!");  
 j--;  
 }  
 }  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 VALID FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 int valid(char st[])  
 {  
 int i=0;  
 for(;st[i]!=NULL;i++)  
 {  
 if(st[i]<48 ||st[i]>58)  
 return 0;  
 }  
 return 1;  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 DISPLAY FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void display(int a[][max],int r,int c)  
 {  
 int i,j;  
 printf("\n\nTHE MATRIX IS\n");  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 printf("\n\t");  
 for(j=0;j<c;j++) <br=""> {  
 printf("%-5d",a[i][j]);  
 }  
 }  
 getch();  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 ADD FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void add(int a[][max],int b[][max],int c[][max],int r,int c1)  
 {  
 int i,j;  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<c1;j++) <br=""> {  
 c[i][j]=a[i][j] + b[i][j];  
 }  
 }  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 DIFFERENCE FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void difference(int a[][max],int b[][max],int c[][max],int r,int c1)  
 {  
 int i,j;  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<c1;j++) <br=""> {  
 c[i][j]=a[i][j] - b[i][j];  
 }  
 }  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 MUL FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void mul(int a[][max],int b[][max],int c[][max],int r1,int r2,int c2)  
 {  
 int i,j,k;  
 for(i=0;i<r1;++i) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<c2;++j) <br=""> {  
 c[i][j]=0;  
 for(k=0;k<r2;++k) <br=""> c[i][j]+=a[i][k] * b[k][j];  
 }  
 }  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 MS FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 int ms(int a[][max],int r)  
 {  
 int s1=0,i,j,s2=0,s3=0;  
 for(i=0,j=r-1;i<r;i++,j--) <br=""> {  
 s1+=a[i][i];  
 s2+=a[i][j];  
 }  
 if(s1!=s2)  
 return 0;  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 s2=0;  
 s3=0;  
 for(j=0;j<r;j++) <br=""> {  
 s2+=a[i][j];  
 s3+=a[j][i];  
 }  
 if(s1!=s2 || s3!=s1)  
 return 0;  
 }  
 return 1;  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 SP FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 int sp(int a[][max],int r,int c)  
 {  
 int i,j,k,m=0;  
 for(i=0;i<r;i++) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<c;j++) <br=""> {  
 for(k=0;k<c;k++) <br=""> if(a[i][j] > a[i][k])  
 break;  
 if(k==c)  
 {  
 for(k=0;k<r;k++) <br=""> if(a[i][j] < a[k][j])  
 break;  
 if(k==r)  
 {  
 printf("\n\tSADDLE POINT AT (%d,%d) AND IS %d ",i+1,j+1,a[i][j]);  
 m++;  
 }  
 }  
 }//end of 2nd for  
 }  
 return m;  
 }  
 /***************************************************************  
 TRANSPOSE FUNCTION  
 ***************************************************************/  
 void transpose(int a[][max],int m)  
 {  
 int i,j,temp;  
 for(i=0;i<m;i++) <br=""> {  
 for(j=0;j<i;j++) <br=""> {  
 temp=a[i][j];  
 a[i][j]=a[j][i];  
 a[j][i]=temp;  
 }  
 }  
 }

 

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