Scramjet Engine Seminar Report
Objective
The desire of man for speed and to fulfill his demands is growing so this lead to the objective of creating the jet engine which could fly high fast and a man immediately reaches its destination. This lead to the development of high-speed engine which has hyper sonic speed called as a scram jet engine. It is made in such a way that it achieves a very high speed. It is an engine with combustion taking in supersonic flow manner.
History
During the second world war there was invented a jet fighter engine known as Heinkel which became the first aircraft and after that, there was an engine developed called WHITTLE. The jet engine works on Newton’s third law of motion, There are three main parts first compressor in which there are fans whose blades pull in air and send it through a channel then there is the combustion chamber and the third section is the turbine. This also has series of fans like the compressor.
Existing system
Earlier there were rockets which combine liquid fuel with liquid oxygen to generate thrust. But this aircraft can be smaller in size. During World War II there was the need of aircraft that could fly at hyper sonic speeds so this lead to the development of ramjets and scram jets. A ramjet is a form of the jet engine which uses the forward motion to compress the air. Ramjet is a simple propulsion system for high-speed flight. It provides high thrust and low weight.
About the engine
The scram jet engine occupies the lower part of the vehicle. There are five engine and two vehicle components. The induction system compresses the air for processing by the other engine components. These achieve an adequate system without any moving parts like a compressor. The main component in an engine is an isolator. Then there is a combustion which provides efficient fuel-air mixing. It has a simplicity of design and less payload. There are few moving parts needed in this engine which simplifies both its design and maintenance. The turbojet engine which requires inlet fans and rotating compressor.
Ramjet engine requires a high vehicle speed and it deaccelerates the incoming air whereas air flow in the scramjet is supersonic throughout the engine. It relies on combustion of fuel and oxidizer to produce thrust similar to conventional jet engines.
Scram jet means Supersonic Combustion Ramjet. It is its simplicity that acquires high velocity. These carry the fuel with it and get the oxidizer by combustion of oxygen. When mounted on a high-speed large amount of air go into the engine inlet and due to which the aircraft moves forward. Then the hot exhaust air goes through a nozzle which is used for accelerating the flow of the engine. The scram jet has very low thrust to weight ratios so acceleration is limitless. Modern rocket uses their own fuel but in scram jets, the coolant is the fuel itself and the oxidizer is also used. There is a much reduction of craft mass as fuel only need a tank, pumps so the scram jet involves only half an engine. There is a less amount of fuel and oxidizer used in scram jets which means a large percentage of cost reduction, Scram jets can be reused many times whether subject to extreme weather conditions.
Applications
- It can be used in civil applications if one wants to travel from one place to another place one can do so within few minutes.
- It is used in military applications as well. It can be used as a propel missile
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